State Conflicts in the Middle East: Causes and Consequences

Conflicts in the Middle East have complex and diverse roots, fueled by political, economic and social factors. One of the main causes is the colonial legacy which shaped national borders based on the interests of foreign powers, without paying attention to ethnic and cultural conditions. For example, countries such as Iraq and Syria were formed without considering the existing ethnic and religious diversity.

In addition, the struggle for natural resources, especially oil, is a factor. Oil-rich countries are often targets of foreign intervention. Weak infrastructure and economies make these countries vulnerable to unrest.

Sectorial divisions within Islam, particularly between Sunnis and Shiites, have contributed to worsening tensions. Countries such as Iran (Shia) and Saudi Arabia (Sunni) are involved in regional conflicts that increasingly exacerbate instability, triggering conflicts in Yemen and Syria, where each side seeks to dominate.

From an economic perspective, economic instability increases unemployment and poverty rates. Marginalized communities often rebel, seek change, and in many cases, resort to violence. This was clear during the Arab Spring, where anti-government protests spread across the region.

Conflicts within the Middle East are also shaped by military interventions from outside countries. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 is considered a strategic mistake, leading to the destruction of the country and the birth of extremist groups such as ISIS. These interventions are often perceived as attempts to democratize the region without sufficient understanding of local conditions.

The impact of this conflict is far-reaching, affecting global security, mass migration and humanitarian crises. Many countries in Europe are facing an influx of refugees from countries in conflict, creating new social and political challenges. Global security is compromised, with the threat of terrorism increasing.

On the social side, conflict causes divisions between communities and loss of trust in government. Prolonged trauma among the population has resulted in young people being cut off from education and employment opportunities, prolonging the cycle of violence.

Peace in the Middle East requires a holistic approach, including interfaith dialogue, inclusive economic development, and shifting attention from military to diplomacy. Without concrete steps towards peace, conflicts in this region will continue and have a serious impact on world stability.